Adaptación a la vida universitaria de estudiantes indígenas de comunas rurales del Norte Grande de Chile. Un estudio cualitativo / The adaptation to university life of indigenous students from rural communities in the Norte Grande of Chile. A qualitative study

Introducción: La adaptación a la vida universitaria es un proceso multidimensional en el que se llevan a cabo conjuntamente diversas transiciones y desafíos a los que se enfrenta el estudiante. Las medidas de inducción adoptadas por las universidades se centran en un perfil generalizado del estudiantado y dejan fuera los aspectos particulares, como es el caso de los indígenas de zonas rurales. Objetivo: Analizar los factores asociados a la adaptación a la vida universitaria desde la perspectiva del estudiante indígena de comunas rurales del Norte Grande de Chile. Sujetos y métodos: La metodología de este estudio es cualitativa mediante la teoría fundamentada. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a siete participantes estudiantes indígenas de pregrado y se presentan los resultados relacionales hasta la etapa de codificación axial. Resultados: Los resultados muestran factores condicionantes, como el cambio cultural, la separación familiar y las demandas académicas; y factores de éxito en la adaptación y el apoyo social, y en mejoras de las estrategias de aprendizaje y comunicativas, y estos dos elementos son esenciales para generar una sensación de superación. Conclusión: Los estudiantes que se adaptan exitosamente al ambiente educativo universitario integran un círculo social en el que pueden transmitir ideas e inquietudes; en el contexto académico aprenden y colaboran con el resto; y en un ambiente social descubren y conocen la vida urbana.(AU)

Introduction: The adaptation to university life is a multidimensional process in which various transitions and challenges are collectively undertaken by the students. The induction measures adopted by universities focus on a generalized profile of the student body, leaving out particular aspects such as indigenous students from rural areas. Aim: To analyze the factors associated with adaptation to university life from the perspective of indigenous students from rural communities in the Northern region of Chile. Subjects and methods: This study is qualitative, using Grounded Theory, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven indigenous undergraduate participants. The relational results up to the axial coding stage are presented. Results: The results show conditioning factors such as cultural change, separation from family, and academic demands. Success factors in adaptation include social support in improving learning and communication strategies, which are two essential elements for generating a sense of achievement. Conclusion: A student who successfully adapts to the university educational environment integrates into a social circle where they can convey ideas and concerns, learns and collaborates with others in an academic context, and discovers and learns about urban life in a social environment.(AU)

Well-being variations on students of health sciences related to their learning opportunities, resources, and daily activities in an online and on-crisis context: a survey-based study.

BACKGROUND: Universities' training process intensely relies on face-to-face education. The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted it and forced them to reinvent their process online. But this crisis seems not to be the last we will face, and we take it as a lesson to prepare for future crises. These critical contexts are especially challenging because they imply changing teaching strategies, and students may not have the technology access or the living conditions to connect as they need. They also lived through a pandemic where the virus and the life changes added stress to their learning process and threatened their well-being. So, this study aims to analyze how well-being variations reported by Health sciences students relate to their learning opportunities, access conditions, and daily activities. METHOD: We surveyed 910 Health sciences students from six different Chilean universities at the end of the first semester of 2020, the first in pandemic conditions. Respondents answered online questionnaires about 1) Remote teaching activities, 2) Learning resources availability, 3) Daily life activities, and 4) Well-being changes. We performed descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modelling. RESULTS: Live videoconference classes were the most frequent teaching activity; only a third of the students had quiet spaces to study online, and most had to housekeep daily. More than two third reported some well-being deterioration. The structural equation model showed a good fit. CONCLUSION: Results show an online learning scenario that tries to emulate traditional learning focusing on expositive strategies. Most students reported that their well-being deteriorated during the semester, but tutorials, workplace availability, and social support were protective factors.

Satisfaction with remote teaching during the first semester of the COVID-19 crisis: Psychometric properties of a scale for health students.

INTRODUCTION: Due to the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, 220 million college students in the world had to halt face-to-face teaching and migrate to what has been called Emergency Remote Teaching, using virtual media, but without adequate preparation. The way this has impacted the student body and its satisfaction with the training process is unknown and there are no instruments backed by specific validity and reliability studies for this teaching context. This is why this study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the Remote Teaching Satisfaction Scale applied to Chilean health sciences students. METHOD: Quantitative study by means of surveys. We surveyed 1,006 health careers undergraduates chosen by convenience sampling. They came from six Chilean universities, located over a distance of 3,020 kilometers and followed 7 different careers. Women comprised the 78.53%. They answered the Remote Teaching Satisfaction Scale online to evaluate their perception of the first Emergency Remote Teaching term in 2020. RESULTS: A descriptive analysis of the items showed a moderate to positive evaluation of the teaching. The Confirmatory Factorial Analysis showed an adequate adjustment of the theoretical four factors model to the data obtained (CFI = 0.959; TLI = 0.953; RMSEA = 0.040). Correlations among factors oscillated from r = 0.21 to r = 0.69. The measurement invariance analysis supported the Configural, Metric and a partial Scalar model. Differences were found in three of the four factors when comparing the first-year students with those of later years. Finally, the Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω coefficients were over 0.70. DISCUSSION: The results display initial psychometric evidence supporting the validity and reliability of the Remote Teaching Satisfaction Scale to assess academic satisfaction in Chilean health careers students. Likewise, it is seen that first-year students show higher satisfaction levels about the implemented teaching.